Main article: Bourbon Restoration Charles X's reign
The Three Glorious Days
It was a hot, dry summer, pushing those who could afford it to leave Paris for the country. Most businessmen couldn't, and so were among the first to learn of the Saint-Cloud "ordonnances" from the Monday edition of the Moniteur. They did not like what they read, perhaps most of all because they suddenly learned they were now no longer permitted to run as candidates for the House of Deputies, membership of which was the sine qua non of those who sought the ultimate in social prestige. In protest members of the Bourse refused to lend money, and business owners shuttered their factories. Workers were unceremoniously turned out into the street to fend for themselves. Unemployment numbers, which had been growing through early summer, spiked upward. "Large numbers of...workers therefore had nothing to do but protest."
Monday, 26 July, 1830
The sun rose to a Paris awash in newspapers – radical newspapers. By noon shopkeepers in the center of the city had closed their stores and bolted the shutters; the noise and traffic on the avenues, which in the early morning had seemed to hold the promise of a typical day, began to disappear. The city grew quiet as the milling crowds grew larger. At 4:30 p.m. commanders of the troops of the First Military division of Paris and the Garde Royale were ordered to concentrate their troops, and guns, on the Place du Carrousel facing the Tuileries, the Vendôme, and de Place de la Bastille. In order to maintain order and protect gunshops from looters, military patrols throughout the city were established, strengthened, and expanded. Amazingly, no special measures were taken to protect either the arms depot or gunpowder factories.
For a time it seemed the precautions seemed premature, but at 7:00 p.m., with the coming twilight, the fighting began. "Parisians, rather than soldiers, were the aggressor. Paving stones, roof tiles, and flowerpots from the upper windows...began to rain down on the soldiers in the streets"
In the late 1820s the city of Paris had established some 2,000 street lamps. These lanterns were hung on ropes looped-on-looped from one pole to another, the whole casting shadows like giant spiders' webs on streets and buildings. These lights were the reason the rioting lasted as late into the night as it did. But along with the sound of bullets and running feet, came the sound of smashing glass as street lamps fell in wanton or accidental destruction. By 10 p.m. nearly all of them were destroyed, and as the city slipped into darkness the crowds began to melt away; by midnight the city was quiet.
Tuesday, 27 July, 1830: Day One
Though Paris has been quiet during the night, it had not been asleep.
"It is hardly a quarter past eight," wrote an eye witness, "and already shouts and gun shots can be heard. Business is at a complete standstill...Crowds rushing through the streets... the sound of cannon and gunfire is becoming ever louder...Cries of 'A bas le roi !!', 'A la guillotine !!' can be heard..."
The King looked to his "Jeanne d'Arc en culottes" (Polignac) for advice, and the advice was simple: "resist". Meanwhile in Paris a group of serious men met and talked. The name of the Duc d'Orléans was mentioned for the first time.
Thursday, 29 July, 1830: Day Three
The revolt of 1830 created a constitutional monarchy. Charles X abdicated rather than become a limited monarch and departed for Great Britain. In his place Louis-Philippe of the House of Orléans was placed on the throne, and he agreed to rule as a constitutional monarch. This period became known as the July Monarchy.
One month later, in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Belgian Revolution would commence, leading to the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Belgium.
The July Column, located on Place de la Bastille, commemorates those three days.
The Three Glorious DaysIt was a hot, dry summer, pushing those who could afford it to leave Paris for the country. Most businessmen couldn't, and so were among the first to learn of the Saint-Cloud "ordonnances" from the Monday edition of the Moniteur. They did not like what they read, perhaps most of all because they suddenly learned they were now no longer permitted to run as candidates for the House of Deputies, membership of which was the sine qua non of those who sought the ultimate in social prestige. In protest members of the Bourse refused to lend money, and business owners shuttered their factories. Workers were unceremoniously turned out into the street to fend for themselves. Unemployment numbers, which had been growing through early summer, spiked upward. "Large numbers of...workers therefore had nothing to do but protest."
Monday, 26 July, 1830
The sun rose to a Paris awash in newspapers – radical newspapers. By noon shopkeepers in the center of the city had closed their stores and bolted the shutters; the noise and traffic on the avenues, which in the early morning had seemed to hold the promise of a typical day, began to disappear. The city grew quiet as the milling crowds grew larger. At 4:30 p.m. commanders of the troops of the First Military division of Paris and the Garde Royale were ordered to concentrate their troops, and guns, on the Place du Carrousel facing the Tuileries, the Vendôme, and de Place de la Bastille. In order to maintain order and protect gunshops from looters, military patrols throughout the city were established, strengthened, and expanded. Amazingly, no special measures were taken to protect either the arms depot or gunpowder factories.
For a time it seemed the precautions seemed premature, but at 7:00 p.m., with the coming twilight, the fighting began. "Parisians, rather than soldiers, were the aggressor. Paving stones, roof tiles, and flowerpots from the upper windows...began to rain down on the soldiers in the streets"
In the late 1820s the city of Paris had established some 2,000 street lamps. These lanterns were hung on ropes looped-on-looped from one pole to another, the whole casting shadows like giant spiders' webs on streets and buildings. These lights were the reason the rioting lasted as late into the night as it did. But along with the sound of bullets and running feet, came the sound of smashing glass as street lamps fell in wanton or accidental destruction. By 10 p.m. nearly all of them were destroyed, and as the city slipped into darkness the crowds began to melt away; by midnight the city was quiet.
Tuesday, 27 July, 1830: Day One
Though Paris has been quiet during the night, it had not been asleep.
"It is hardly a quarter past eight," wrote an eye witness, "and already shouts and gun shots can be heard. Business is at a complete standstill...Crowds rushing through the streets... the sound of cannon and gunfire is becoming ever louder...Cries of 'A bas le roi !!', 'A la guillotine !!' can be heard..."
The King looked to his "Jeanne d'Arc en culottes" (Polignac) for advice, and the advice was simple: "resist". Meanwhile in Paris a group of serious men met and talked. The name of the Duc d'Orléans was mentioned for the first time.
Thursday, 29 July, 1830: Day Three
The revolt of 1830 created a constitutional monarchy. Charles X abdicated rather than become a limited monarch and departed for Great Britain. In his place Louis-Philippe of the House of Orléans was placed on the throne, and he agreed to rule as a constitutional monarch. This period became known as the July Monarchy.
One month later, in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Belgian Revolution would commence, leading to the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Belgium.
The July Column, located on Place de la Bastille, commemorates those three days.
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