Coordinates: Nagaland pronunciation is a hill state located in the far northeastern part of India. It borders the state of Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam to the north, Myanmar to the east and Manipur to the south. The state capital is Kohima, and the largest city is Dimapur. With a population of nearly two million people, it has a total area of 16,579 km. - making it one of the smallest states of India.
History
Nagaland is largely a mountainous state. The Naga Hills rise from the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam to about 2,000 feet and rise further to the southeast, as high as 6,000 feet. Mount Saramati at an elevation of 12,552level is the state's highest peak - this is where the Naga Hills merge with the Patkai Range in Myanmar. Rivers such as the Doyang and Dhiku to the north, the Barak river in the southwest and the Chindwin river of Myanmar in the southeast, dissect the entire state.
Nagaland is rich in flora and fauna. About one-sixth of Nagaland is under the cover of tropical and sub-tropical evergreen forests - including palms, bamboo and rattan as well as timber and mahogany forests. While some forest areas have been cleared for jhum - cultivation - many scrub forests, high grass, reeds and secondary dogs, pangolins, porcupines, elephants, leopards, bears, many species of monkeys, sambar, deers, oxen and buffaloes thrive across the state's forests. The Great Indian Hornbill is one of the most famous birds found in the state.
Nagaland has a largely monsoon climate with high humidity levels. Annual rainfall averages around 70-100 inches - concentrated in the months of May to September. Temperatures range from 70 degrees to 104 degrees fahrenheit. In winter, temperatures don't generally drop below 39 degrees fahrenheit, but frost is common at high elevations.
Geography and climate
The tribes of Nagaland are Lothas, Angami, Ao, Chakhesang , Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Phom, Pochury, Rengma, Sumi, Sangtam, Yimchungru, Tangkhul, Zeliang of which the Angamis, Aos, Lothas and Sumis are the largest Naga tribes. Tribe and Clan traditions and loyalties plays an important part in the life of Nagas. Weaving is a traditional art handed down through generations in Nagaland. Each of the major tribes has its own unique designs and colors, producing shawls, shoulder bags, decorative spears, table mats, wood carvings and bamboo works. Tribal dances of the Nagas give an insight into the inborn reticence of the people. War dances and dances belonging to distinctive tribes are a major art form in Nagaland. Some of these are Moatsu, Sekrenyi, Tuluni and Tokhu Emong. More than 80% of the people live in rural areas. Nagas lack a common written language, except the Tenyidie language and speak 60 different dialects belonging to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Nagamese, a variant language form of Assamese and Hindi is the most widely spoken language. One interesting part is every tribe has their own mother tongue language and these tribes communicate with each other in Nagamese. As such Nagamese is not a mother tongue of any of the tribes and nor is it a written language. English, the official state language is widely spoken in official circles and is the medium for education in Nagaland.
Culture and people
Christianity is the predominant religion of Nagaland. The census of 2001 recorded the state's Christian population at 1,790,349 (90.02% of the state's population), making it one of the three Christian-majority states in India, and the only state where Christians form 90% of the population. The state has a very high church attendance rate in both urban and rural areas. The largest of Asia's churches dominate the skylines of Kohima, Dimapur and Mokokchung. Among Christians, Baptists are the predominant group constituting more than 75% of the state's population.
Nagaland is known as "The most Baptist state in the world". The state's population is 1.988 million (2001 census), out of which 90.02% are Christians. 75% of the state's population profess the Baptist faith, thus making it more Baptist than Mississippi, where 52% of its population is Baptist.Catholics, Revivalists, and Pentecostals are the other Christian denomination numbers. Catholics are found in significant numbers in parts of Wokha district as also in the urban areas of Kohima and Dimapur. Hindus and Muslims constitute the non-Naga populations of the state and form 7.7% and 1.8% of the population. A small minority, less than 0.3% still practise the traditional religions and are mainly concentrated in Peren and the Eastern districts.
Religion
- "Gateway of Nagaland", " The Commercial Hub(of Nagaland)", "Melting Pot" - Dimapur
"Highland City", "Misty City" - Kohima
"Cultural capital (of Nagaland)", "Picture perfect city", "Aomolung", "Nagaland's trendsetter"- Mokokchung
"Rice Bowls of Nagaland"- Jalukie valley; Tsurang-Changki valley
"Serpentine town"- Tuensang Sobriquets/ Nicknames
The Governor of Nagaland is the constitutional head of state, representative of the President of India. He possesses largely ceremonial responsibilities. A 60-member Vidhan Sabha is the state of ministers, led by a Chief minister - all elected members of legislature - forms the government executive. Unlike most Indian states, Nagaland has been granted a great degree of state autonomy, as well as special powers and autonomy for Naga tribes to conduct their own affairs. Each tribe has a hierarchy of councils - at the village, range and tribal levels dealing with local disputes. There is a special regional council for the Tuensang district, elected by the tribes of the area.
The state is divided into eleven districts. Mokokchung District is Nagaland's Most Advanced District.
Dimapur District
Kiphire District
Kohima District
Longleng District
Mokokchung District
Mon District
Peren District
Phek District
Tuensang District
Wokha District
Zunheboto District
Chumukedima(Dimapur)
Kiphire
Kohima
Longleng
Mokokchung
Mon
Peren
Phek
Tuensang
Wokha
Zunheboto Administration
Urban centres
Dimapur
Kohima
Mokokchung
Tuensang
Wokha
Mon Major cities and towns
There are four urban agglomeration areas with population of more than 40,000 in the state which are:
Major (Non-District Headquarter) towns
Economy
This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Nagaland at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.
Nagaland's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $1.4 billion in current prices.
Agriculture is the most important economic activity in Nagaland, with more than 90% of the population employed crops include rice, corn, millets, pulses, tobacco, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and fibres. However, Nagaland still depends on the import of food supplies from other states. The widespread practice of jhum - clearing for cultivation - has led to soil erosion and loss of fertility. Only the Angami and Chakesang tribes in the Kohima district use terracing and irrigation techniques. Forestry is also an important source of income. Cottage industries such as weaving, woodwork and pottery are also an important source of revenue. Tourism is important, but largely limited owing to the state's geographic isolation and political instability in recent years.
Macro-economic trend
The railway network in the state is minimal . The length of broad gauge lines is 7.63 km, while that of the metre gauge lines is only 5.22 km. The length of National Highway roads is 365.38 km and state roads is 1094 km. The only airport in the state is Dimapur.
Transportation
Railway: North East Frontier Railway
[Data Source: N. F. Railway, CME Office, Guwahati-781011]
Broad Gauge-7.63 km
Metre Gauge-5.22 km
Total-12.85km
Highways
1. Nagaland Post - http://www.nagalandpost.com
2. The North East Herald - http://thenortheastherald.com/
3. Nagaland Page - http://www.nagalandpage.co.in/ 4. The Eastern Mirror
5. The Morung Express - http://www.morungexpress.com ,
6. Tir Yimyim (in Ao language)- http://www.tiryimyim.com .
7. Ao Milen (in Ao language}. 8. Capi (in Tenyidie language). 9. Tenyi Ralha (in Tenyidie language).
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